A.P History for APPSC Exams

Political History of the Satavahanas

The vague, disputed and uncorroborated doubtful evidences form the basis for the history of the Satavahanas. The Jain sources mention Satavahana as the first king in the family. The Kathasaritsagara also contains a story about Satavahana. The Kondapur coins bear the legend 'Sadvahana'. On scriptal grounds this Satavahana is placed close to (either before or contemporaneous with) Simuka, the first

A.P History for Compititive Exams

Later Satavahana Chronology

The correctness of 271 B.C. as the starting point of the Satavahana rule under Simuka, may be verified and established from the known dates of Kshatrapas and other foreign kings. The foreign powers such as the Sakas and the Pahlavas in the closing years of the 1st Century B.C. and in the beginning years of the 1st century A.D. became powerful and established their sway in Malwa, Surashtra and other western areas. It was mainly on account of these foreign

Indian Economy for competitive exams

PLANNINGS

Economic Planning:

• Economic Planning means “It is an outline or broad statement of schemes on programs designed to realize certain pre-determined economic objectives, in a particular order of priorities, according to a strategy within a specified period of time is called Economic Planning.” If the government fallows the plans for the development of economy is called plan policy.


• USSR (Russia) was the first country introduced planning in the world in 1920.

SOLAR SYSTEM

SOLAR SYSTEM

•      The solar system comprises of the sun and eight planets revolving round the sun, many satellites revolving around their respective planets, thousands of comets and billions of meteoroids.


•      Planets (in the increasing order of their distance from the Sun)

1.   Mercury


2.   Venus


3.   Earth


4.   Mars


5.   Jupiter

Geography for Competitive Exams (RRB,SSC,UPSC,etc)

ORIGIN OF THE EARTH

Earth formed from a small part of the sun, it originated as a hot gaseous mass, which on cooling, turned first into a liquid and then into solid mass.

Gaseous Hypothesis Theory – Kant

Nebural Hypothesis Theory – Laplace

Tidal Hypothesis Theory – Jeans and Jeffreys

•      The denser matter forms the central part of the earth and the

Chronology of the Satavahanas

Of the many complicated problems that the Andhras have presented, the most important one is the problem of their chronology. Divergent views have been expressed by different scholars about the beginning of the Andhra Satavahana rule, but so far no unanimous conclusion has yet been arrived at by the historian on this point of issue.

The foundation of the dynasty, which is known by its tribal name Andhra in the Puranas and by its family name Satavahana in the

The Satavahanas : Home Land of the Satavahanas

A subject of controversy regarding the Satavahanas is their homeland or origin. There are conflicting theories and contradictory opinions regarding this. Earlier scholars like D.R. Bhandarkar conjectured that the land of the Andhras must have at the early period consisted of certain parts of the Central Provinces together with the Visakhapatnam district and may have also included the Godavari and Krishna districts. The eastern Deccan was not called

Fundamental Rights and Its Explanation

ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు – వివరణ
భారత రాజ్యాంగంలోని మూడవ అధ్యాయం ( 12 నుంచి 35 ప్రకరణలు ) మొత్తం 24 ప్రకరణలు ప్రాథమిక హక్కులను ప్రస్తావిస్తుంది. 1978, 44వ రాజ్యంగ సవరణలో ఆస్తి హక్కును (31 వ ప్రకరణ ) ప్రాథమిక హక్కుల అధ్యాయం నుంచి తొలగించిన తరవాత, ప్రస్తుతం ఆరు ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు ఉన్నాయి. అవి :

1. సమానత్వ హక్కు ( 14 నుంచి 18వ ప్రకరణ వరకు )


2. స్వేచ్ఛా హక్కు ( 19 నుంచి 22వ ప్రకరణ వరకు )


3. పీడన నిరోధక హక్కు ( 23 , 24 ప్రకరణలు )


4. మత స్వేచ్ఛ హక్కు ( 25 నుంచి 28వ ప్రకరణ వరకు )


5. విద్యా, సాంస్కృతిక హక్కులు ( 29, 30 ప్రకరణలు )


6. రాజ్యాంగ పరిరక్షణ హక్కు ( 32వ ప్రకరణ )

ప్రాథమిక హక్కులపై ప్రత్యేకంగా పేర్కొనబడిన ప్రకరణలు 14 నుంచి 32. తొలగించిన 31వ ప్రకరణను

The Satavahanas : Identity of the Satavahanas

Identity of the Satavahanas

The Pauranic genealogies refer to the kings of 'Andhra-Jati'. Some Puranas style them as Andhrabhrityas. The Nanaghat and Nasik cave inscriptions and coins discovered in the Deccan mention the names of several kings of 'Satavahana-Kula'. On the basis of certain names, and their order of succession common to various kings mentioned in the two sources, some scholars identified the Satavahanas of the epigraphical records and coins with the Andhras of the Puranas. However the Puranas never use the term

Aryanization of the Andhra Country and its Condition in the Pre-Mauryan and Mauryan Periods.

The historical period in Andhra starts with the famous Satavahanas. Prior to their emergence into power, during the 6th and 5th centuries B.C., northern India was under the settled government of the Sisunaga and Haryanka rulers. The two famous reformist faiths. Buddhism and Jainism came to be founded during the same period. In Andhra, the Nagas who were definitely of a non-Aryan stock were having their republican states. Some other semi-civilised races also

Fundamental Rights and Its Nature

ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు – స్వభావం

        భారత రాజ్యాంగ సభ సలహాదారు బి.ఎన్.రావు రూపొందించిన ముసాయిదా ప్రకారం భారత రాజ్యాంగంలో రెండు రకాల హక్కులున్నాయి. వాటిని ప్రాథమిక హక్కులు (Fundamental Rights) గా, రాజ్యవిధాన ఆధేశ సూత్రాలు (Directive Principles of State Policy) గా పేర్కొనడం జరిగింది. భారత రాజ్యాంగ రచనను ఒక సామాజిక విప్లవంగా వర్ణించిన గ్రాన్విల్ ఆస్టిన్ ఈ రెండు రకాల హక్కులు భారతదేశంలో స్వేచ్ఛాయుత సామాజిక వికాసానికి అవసరమని పేర్కొన్నారు.  సమానత్వం, స్వేచ్ఛ, మతం తదితరాంశాలను ప్రాథమిక హక్కులుగా గుర్తించి వాటిని న్యాయ రక్షణకు అర్హమైనవిగా గుర్తించడం జరిగింది. ఉచిత ప్రాథమిక విద్య, పనిహక్కు, ప్రజారోగ్యం తదితర హక్కులను ఆదేశసూత్రాలు (Directive Principles) గా

History of the Andhras

Sources of History of Andhras till 1565 A.D.

'History as a subject of study is more or less completely at the mercy of its sources'. It is a fact that we have no ancient or medieval literature created in Andhra which can be classified as truly historical. So it is but natural one has to depend heavily on 'Primary source material of incidental nature, created not for the purpose of communicating the history of contemporary times chronologically set forth, but to record events and impressions for political, legal and religious purposes like the epigraphs of medieval times, the quasi-historical literary works and so forth'.

Just like ancient Indian history, the history of the Andhras is still in

INVENTORS & DISCOVERERS

Simple Microscope – Antony van Leeuwenhoek

Compound Microscope – Zacharias Janssen or Sacharias Jansen

Electron Microscope – Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska

Telescope – Galileo Galilei

DNA Model – Watson and Crick

Law of Heredity – Gregor Mendel

Vitamins - Kazimierz Funk or Casimir Funk